Resumen: La fuerza prensil manual es un indicador robusto de la salud biológica de los niños y adolescentes. Objetivos: identificar las características antropométricas y de composición corporal relacionadas con la fuerza prensil manual, y describir las principales características de los protocolos usados para la evaluación de la fuerza prensil manual. Metodología: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática explo ratoria o Scoping Review; la búsqueda fue llevada a cabo en Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo y Sportdiscus de EBSCO. Se incluyeron investigaciones originales si incluían fuerza prensil manual y características antropométricas y composición corporal. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 59 reportes, publicados entre los años 2005 y 2020. De los 59 reportes seleccionados, la clasificación nu tricional fue la característica más estudiada (n = 25; 42,3%), seguida del índice masa corporal (n = 23; 38,9%). En el 47,5% (28 reportes) no fue clara la cantidad de ensayos realizados en cada individuo para estimar los valores de la fuerza prensil manual. La marca de dinamómetro de la empresa Takei Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd., con un 49,2 % fue la más usada. El indicador de mayor uso fue la fuerza prensil manual absoluta (86,4 %, 51 reportes). Conclusiones: Existe una amplia variabilidad en los protocolos utilizados para la evaluación de la fuerza prensil manual con variaciones en la posición del cuerpo, el brazo, la selección de la mano, el número de repeticiones y el intervalo entre las medidas. Se encontró un patrón de valores proporcionales entre la fuerza prensil manual absoluta con el índice de masa corporal, Σ pliegues cutáneos, no obstante, cuando esta se ajusta por masa (fuerza prensil manual relativa) la relación es inversa.

Abstract: Handgrip strength is a robust indicator of the biological health of children and adolescents. Objecti ves: to identify the anthropometric characteristics and body composition related to handgrip stren gth, and to describe the main characteristics of the protocols used for its evaluation. Methodology: A scoping review was developed; the search was carried out in 1.) Medline; 2.) Web of Science; 3.) Science Direct; 4.) Scielo; and 5.) EBSCO’s Sportdiscus. Original investigations were included if they have handgrip strength data, anthropometric characteristics, and body composition. Results: 59 reports published between 2005 and 2020 were selected. Among them, nutritional classification was the most studied characteristic (n = 25; 42.3%), followed by body mass index (n = 23; 38.9%). In 47.5% (28 reports), the number of tests performed on each individual to estimate the handgrip strength value was not clear. The dynamometer brand Takei Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd. was the most used, with 49.2 %. The most widely used indicator was absolute handgrip (86.4%, 51 reports). Conclusions: There is a wide variety of protocols used for handgrip strength assessment with va riations in body position, arm and hand selection, number of repetitions, and intervals between measurements. A proportional pattern of values was found between absolute handgrip strength and body mass index, Σ skinfolds, however, when adjusted by mass (relative handgrip strength), the relationship is inverse.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is twofold: i) to estimate the normative values for handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength, specific to sex and age, for Colombian children and adolescents from 6 to 17 years of age using quantile regression models and ii) to compare the normative values for handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength in Colombian children and adolescents with those in children and adolescents in different countries. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 2647 youngsters. Handgrip strength was evaluated with a TKK 5101 digital dynamometer (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The relative handgrip strength was estimated according to weight in kilograms. The normative values were estimated to handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength through quantile regression models for the percentiles P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95 developed independently for each sex. All analyses were adjusted for the expansion factor. Results: The values for handgrip strength were considerably higher in males than in females in all age ranges. Additionally, as age increased for both sexes, the values for handgrip strength increased. The percentiles by sex and age for relative handgrip strength show for males a proportional increase according to age; for females, this did not occur. Conclusions: When making comparisons with international studies, variability is observed in the methodologies used to evaluate handgrip strength and estimation methods, which could influence the discrepancies between the different reports.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar a corto plazo el efecto de un programa integral de prevención cardiovascular guiado por el riesgo de aterosclerosis sobre la edad vascular y factores de riesgo mayores. Métodos: estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental que incluyó 190 pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades y dos o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular, entre 2013 y 2015. Los casos analizados (n = 177) presentaban múltiples factores de riesgo o síndrome metabólico, razón por la cual recibieron un programa integral de tratamiento guiado por una estratificación clínica de aterosclerosis. Se hizo un seguimiento durante tres meses y se compararon: presión arterial, perfil lipídico, HbA1c, medidas antropométricas, riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años y edad vascular, antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: se observó disminución en la presión arterial sistólica de 6,9 mm Hg (IC 95%; 4,6- 9,3; p < 0,001), presión arterial diastólica de 2,8 mm Hg (IC 95%; 1,3-4,3; p < 0,001), colesterol total de 10,1 mg/dl (IC 95%; 2,5-17,7; p = 0,010), colesterol LDL de 9,9 mg/dl (IC 95%; 2,1- 17,6; p = 0,013) y HbA1c de 0,4% (IC 95%; 0,2-0,6; p < 0,001). Además, reducción del riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años del 4,8% (IC 95%; 3,2-6,5; p < 0,001), así como de la edad vascular de 1,4 años (IC 95%; 0,6-2,3; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: a corto plazo, en pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades, el programa integral de prevención cardiovascular implementado, guiado por el riesgo de aterosclerosis, mostró una reducción en las cifras de presión arterial, colesterol total, colesterol LDL, HbA1c, puntaje de riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años y edad vascular.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects on vascular age and other major risk factors of an integrated atherosclerosis risk-guided cardiovascular prevention program. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted between the years 2013 to 2015 on 190 patients with multiple comorbidities and two or more cardiovascular risk factors. Of the cases analysed, the 177 patients that had multiple risk factors or metabolic síndrome entered the integrated atherosclerosis clinical stratification-guided program. The variables measured before and after the intervention during a three months follow-up, included blood pressure, lipid profile, HbA1c, anthropometric measurements, overall 10-year cardiovascular risk, and vascular age. Results: Decreases were observed in, the mean systolic blood pressure (6.9 mmHg, 95% CI; 4.6-9.3, P<.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.8 mmHg, 95% CI; 1.3-4.3, P<.001), Total Cholesterol (10.1 mg/dl, 95% CI; 2.5-17.7; P=.010), LDL Cholesterol (9.9 mg/dl, 95% CI; 2.1-17.6; P=.013), and HbA1c (0.4%, 95% CI; 0.2-0.6, P<.001). There was also a reduction in the overall 10-year cardiovascular risk (4.8%, 95% CI; 3.2-6.5, P<.001)), as well as vascular age (1.4 years, 95% CI; 0.6-2.3, P<.001)). Conclusions: In the short-term, the integrated atherosclerosis risk-guided cardiovascular prevention program implemented in patients with multiple comorbidities showed a reduction in blood pressure levels, as well as those for Total Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, HbA1c, the overall 10-year cardiovascular risk score, and vascular age.

Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia de manifestaciones tempranas del síndrome de sobreentrenamiento (SSE) en deportistas antioqueños en el período precompetitivo antes de los Juegos Nacionales, Colombia 2012. Materiales y métodos: con el cuestionario de la Sociedad Francesa de Medicina del Deporte (SMFS) se hizo un estudio transversal de 153 deportistas de alto rendimiento pertenecientes a 28 disciplinas diferentes. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 23,6 ± 5,5 años; 56,9% eran hombres. La frecuencia de los síntomas tempranos del SSE fue 24,8%. En los afectados se halló mayor volumen de entrenamiento (24,3 ± 10,3 frente a 19,7 ± 9,4 horas/semana; p = 0,018); con mayor frecuencia pertenecían a una disciplina individual (81,6% frente a 55,7%; p = 0,017); estaban estudiando (76,3% frente a 56,5%; p = 0,030); se encontraban en períodos de exámenes (42,1 frente a 21,2%; p = 0,029) y habían percibido más situaciones de estrés en el último mes (62,2% frente a 16,2%; p < 0,01). Conclusiones: se encontró una alta frecuencia de manifestaciones tempranas del SSE, que fue mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres. Diversos factores individuales, relacionados con el entrenamiento y el tipo de deporte, podrían estar asociados con dichas manifestaciones.

Objective: To determine the frequency of early clinical symptoms of the overtraining syndrome (OTS), in athletes from Antioquia in the pre-competitive period prior to the National Sports Games, Colombia 2012. Materials and methods: The Sports Medicine French Society (SMFS) questionnaire was administered to 153 highly trained athletes, belonging to 28 sports disciplines. Results: Mean age of the studied athletes was 23.5 ± 5.5 years; 56.9% were men. Frequency of OTS early symptoms was 24.8%. The affected athletes had a greater volume of sport training (24.3 ± 10.3 vs. 19.7 ± 9.4 hours/week; p = 0.018); more commonly belonged to an individual sports discipline (81.6% vs. 55.7%; p = 0.017); more often they were studying (76.3% vs. 56.5%; p = 0.030) or in exams period (42.1 vs. 21.2%; p = 0.029) and perceived more stressful situations in the last month (62.1% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.01). Conclusions: a high frequency of early manifestations of OTS was found. It was higher in women than in men. Several individual factors, related to training and the type of sport, might be associated with these manifestations.

Objetivo: avaliar a frequência de manifestações precoces da síndrome de sobre-treinamento (SSE) em atletas antioqueños no período pré-competitivo antes dos Jogos Nacionais, Colômbia 2012. Materiais e métodos: com o questionário da Sociedade Francesa de Medicina do Esporte (SMFS) fez-se um estudo transversal de 153 atletas de alto rendimento pertencentes a 28 disciplinas diferentes. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 23,6 ± 5,5 anos; 56,9% eram homens. A frequência dos sintomas precoces do SSE foi de 24,8%. Nos afetados, se achou maior volume de treinamento (24,3 ± 10,3 frente a 19,7 ± 9,4 horas/semana; p = 0,018), com maior frequência pertenciam a uma disciplina individual (81,6% frente a 55,7%; p = 0,017), estavam estudando (76,3% frente a 56,5%; p = 0,030), encontravam-se em períodos de exames (42,1 frente a 21,2%; p = 0,029) e tinham percebido mais situações de estresse no último mês (62,2% frente a 16,2%; p < 0,01). Conclusões: encontrou-se uma alta frequência de manifestações precoces de SSE, que foi maior nas mulheres do que nos homens. Diversos fatores individuais, relacionados com o treinamento e o tipo de esporte, poderiam estar associados com ditas manifestações.